تعلم اللغة الانجليزية الدرس الخامس الجزء الثانى (الافعال verbs)


بالطبع الأفعال هي أي شئ فيه حركة أو عمل يتم مثل
walk , run , speak , eat , write , drink .
أو باسلوب آخر نقول ان أي كلمة معناها  "عمل أو فعل شئ معين"   تكون verb  في حين ان الاسم كان مجرد اسم لأي شخص أو دولة أو أي شئ محسوس أو مادي .. .. .
والأفعال نوعان: 1) transitive متعدي : وهو الذي له مفعول به ، مثل: He drank water. 
               2) intransitive لازم : وهو الذي ليس له مفعول به ، مثل: The water drops.
---   ويوجد أفعال مساعدة Auxiliary verbs  ،   وهي التي تساعدنا في : 1) عمل أسئلة.  2) الاجابة على أسئلة خاصة في النفي.  3) وفي تكوين أزمنة (tenses).  4) وفي تصريف الأفعال ،  وهي :
Be, have, do, can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), must
وهي تستخدم :  1) بمعناها كفعل مستقل.   2) وكفعل مساعد ليس له معنى خاص.

Let us take verb "Work" , with the pronouns, in the present, past and future
Pronouns
Present
Past
Future
I
Work
Worked
Shall work
You
Work
Worked
Will work
He
Works
Worked
Will work
She
Works
Worked
Will work
It
Works
Worked
Will work
We
Work
Worked
Shall work
You
Work
Worked
Will work
They
Work
Worked
Will work




H.W. fill the following table in a similar way to this table with verb "eat"
املأ الجدول التالي بتفس اسلوب الجدول السابق مستخدما الفعل "يأكل" (H.K.)
Pronouns
Present
Past
Future
I (H.K.)

Ate

You
Eat


He, She, It



We











ومايلي هو كثير من الكلمات المتنوعة مع حروف جر متنوعة (اصطلاحات ثابتة) ، مع معانيها، وادخالها في جمل :
الاصطلاح
المعنى بالعربي
مثال في جملة (H.K.)
Back up
يسند، يأيد
I backed up him (him up) in what he said
Blow up
يفجر
They want to blow up the car
Break down
يبوظ، يعطل
The car broke down yesterday
Break in
يقتحم، يدخل بقوة
A gang broke in the bank this morning
Break out
يهرب بقوة
A prisoner tried to break out of jail
Break up
يكسر أو يوقف بشدة
They broke up all what he had
Bring up
يربي
She brought up her children well
Close down
يقفل خالص، يتوقف
His factory closed down
Come in
يدخل
May I come in? [Meena]
Come down
ينزل
After he had come down of the mountain, he went home
Come up
يصعد، يطلع ب(فكرة)
He came up with a good idea
Count on
يعتمد على
I count on your promise
Cry out
يصرخ، يصيح بصوت عالي
He cried out saying "help us"
Cross off
يشطب، يمحو
They crossed off his name
Cut down
يقلل
She tried to cut down swimming
Cut off
يقطع ويفصل
He cut off the book into pieces
Drive off
يسوق لبعيد
Drive off this place quickly
Figure out
يفهم، يتخيل
Try to figure out what she means
Fill in
يملأ
Fill in this form please (H.K.)
Find out
يكتشف، يعرف
I can't find out what the cause is
Get in
أدخل
Get in the house and bring it to me
Get out
أخرج
Get out of my house
Get back
ارجع
Get back home and do your homework
Get through
يجتاز، يمر  خلال
Can you get through this narrow door?
Go by
يمر ب
When you go by him, see what he does
Get up
ينهض، يقوم
Sometimes I get up before 6:00 o'clock
Give away
يعطي،  يتخلص من
It is good to give away your old clothes to the poor
Give up
يستسلم، يتوقف
You must have hope , don't give up
Grow up
ينمو
I grew up in the country
Hang up
يقفل السكة
He hung up on me
Hold on
ينتظر
Hold on I'll call him
Lay before
يعرض أمام
Lay it before him
Lay up
يدخر
lay up treasures in heaven
Let down
يخجل
He let her down in front of her friends
Look at
ينظر إلي
Look at me
Look to
يهتم ب
He looked to the reward
Look into
يفحص
He looked into family matters
Look out
يحترس، يراقب
Look out , it's dangerous
Look for
 يبحث عن
look for my pen , I can't find it
Look up
يفتش على، يجد
Loop up this word in the dictionary
Look off
يودع
I want to look him off before he leaves
Look about
ينظر حوله
Look about try to find something
Look after
يهتم ب
She looked after her father when he was sick
Pass away
يموت
They passed away in a bad accident
Put off (put out)
يطفئ
Put off the fire [Meena]
Send for
يرسل في طلب
We send for a doctor right after he had fainted
Speak up
يتكلم بصوت عالي
Speak up that we may hear
Take upon oneself
يأخذ على عاتقه
He takes upon himself to save her
Wait at
يخدم
She waits at that table (H.K.)
Wait for
 ينتظر
I've been waiting for you for 2 hours
Wait on
يخدم
He waits on the Lord

ثم أفعال وكلمات مع أكثر من حرف جر (أو أكثر من أداة)       Phrasal verbs with two Particles
الاصطلاح
المعنى بالعربي
مثال في جملة
Come up with
يطلع ب(فكرة)
He came up with a good idea
Keep up with
يلاحق، يجاري
She couldn't keep up with him when he was running fast
Look down upon (on)
يحتقر، يتعالى علي
He looks down on some poor people
Cut down on
يقلل
She cut down on smoking

H.W. Write the Arabic meanings of any 6 of the previous sentences :
1) __________________________ 2) ___________________________
3) __________________________ 4) ___________________________
5) __________________________ 6) ___________________________


متنوعات هامة

1)   يمكن استخدام shall  بدل will  والعكس في حالات معينة هي :
---  We put shall instead of will when : (H.K.)
Promise وعد : You shall have the money very soon.ستأخذ النقود قريبا جدا   
Threat تهديد: If you do that again you shall be punishedاذا فعلت هذا ثانيا ستعاقب
Order (command) أمر، وصية :  You shall not steal   لا تسرق
Determination تحديد :  The enemy shall not pass. العدو لا يجب ان يمر
---  We put will instead of shall when :
Promise  :   We will send them a present.  سنرسل لهم هدية
Willingness تمني، مشيئة : I will pay at the rate you ask.سأدفع بالمعدل الذي تريده
---  Shall I?  (Shall we?)  ,  has often the meaning of "Would you like me to ..?"    ex:   Shall I open the window?
---  Will you?  ,  has often the meaning of "Would you like to .. ?"
ex :  Will you help me to carry this bag?
2)  استخدامات  do (does , did)  هي :
ا)    لعمل اسئلة questions    :                                         do you like it ?
ب)  للنفي     negative              :                              no, I do not like it
ج)  للتأكيد   for emphasis   :                                        yes, I do like it
د)   لتجنب التكرار  to avoid repetition    :          he likes it and so do I
ه)   كنوع من الأدب والذوق   for politeness   :                 please do come
ولشرح النقطة (ج) أكثر نأتي بثلاث أسئلة فيهم do , does , did والاجابة العادية عنهم ثم الاجابة التي فيها تأكيد : (H.K.)
السؤال
الاجابة العادية
الاجابة التي فيها تأكيد
Do you like it?
Yes, I like it
Yes, I do like it (Yes, I do. )
Does he like it?
Yes, he likes it (H.K.)
Yes, he does like it
Did they like it?
Yes, they liked it
Yes, they did like it

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